Saturday, January 25, 2020

Still Seeing the Limits of Liberalism

The updated and slightly revised edition of Fed Up with Fundamentalism: A Historical, Theological, and Personal Appraisal of Christian Fundamentalism is finally finished and is now ready for purchase at Amazon.com. This article is about the sequel to that book, which I have begun updating and (slightly) revising this month. 
The Search for Balance
For thirty-six years I was a full-time faculty member at Seinan Gakuin University (SGU) in Fukuoka City, Japan. For the last twenty-four of those years, I was a professor in SGU’s Department of Theology, which serves as the theological seminary for the Japan Baptist Convention.
During those twenty-four years I taught the required introductory theology course, and one of my constant themes was theological balance. In Japanese, seat and sheet are pronounced exactly the same, so some of the seminary students nicknamed me Balance Seat, a pun on the economic term balance sheet. 
From before the time I started writing Fed Up . . ., I planned to write a sequel as part of my quest to find, and to forward, a balanced theological position—and I was able to publish that sequel in 2010.
Largely because of having written Fed Up with Fundamentalism, a book clearly critical of the excesses of conservative evangelical theology and practices, I felt the need to balance that emphasis with a book critical of the excesses of liberal theology.
Now after ten years, there are some updates needed and some minor revisions and corrections of keyboarding errors that also need to be made.
An Important Clarification
So that there will be no confusion later, let me make it clear at this point that in this book I am writing only about Christian theological liberalism, not about economic, social, or political liberalism. The words liberal and liberalism are often used in these latter arenas, but that is outside the scope of this book.
Since in recent years so many Christians who have been conservative theologically have also been social conservatives and so many Christians who have been liberal theologically have been social liberals, it is hard to avoid confusing the categories.
Thus, calling Christians progressive or liberal now can, and perhaps most often does, refer to Christians who are social progressives or liberals rather than those who are theologically progressive or liberal.
In Fed Up with Fundamentalism, I was often critical of the stance of fundamentalists and/or conservative evangelicals on social and political issues. That was because their theological positions often led to what seemed to be unbiblical or un-Christian stances on important social justice concerns.
But I find little problem with most theological liberals’ position on social issues. Thus, this book deals almost exclusively with theological matters and not with the ethical issues that were extensively treated in Fed Up . . . .
The Intended Tone
This book, as its prequel, is not meant to be polemical as such. As a historical, theological, and personal appraisal, the intention is to be completely fair. Thus, the tone of this book is decidedly different from books harshly critical of liberal Christianity.
As in the previous book, my intention is not just to criticize. Rather than being a polemical attack on theological positions with which I disagree, I will point out the weaknesses or the limits/limitations of theological liberalism in order that a better position can be grasped, one that is truer to the teachings of Jesus Christ and the Bible as a whole. 
There are ten chapters in Limits of Liberalism. Over the next ten months, I plan to post a blog article each month based on those ten chapters. I would be honored to have you read, think about, and respond to those upcoming postings.

8 comments:

  1. As expected, I have not received many comments about today's blog posting, but I was happy to receive the following comments from local Thinking Friend Bob Leeper this morning:

    "What a balancing act you have accomplished!! I can sense that you were guided by the sense of Fairness to Both Sides of your academic study.

    "I recall in the late 1930s, early 1940s in the little Assembly of God church in small town, we were being warned against MODERNISTS. (I assume that was euphemism for Liberal). And at Bob Jones University, the old preacher Bob Jones Senior screamed from his pulpit in our mandatory chapel, labeling people like me who he knew/sensed were going to leave-the-church, YOU DIRTY DOUBLE-CROSSERS.

    "And I reflect on a current country song about YOU MUST STAND FOR SOMETHING, OR YOU WILL FALL FOR ANYTHING. I sense in your very close academic study, you have addressed your audience as folks who are still in the church. I do like your 4-L concept, for we do agree that Jesus as an example is a powerful force for good in the world.

    "Thanks for sharing. All best wishes for the wide sale of your books."

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  2. What is/are the standard(s) of evaluation? How much variance/aberration in structure can a solid foundation support?
    Experience/observation is one good criterion. But is it adequate? I'm sure our experiences would lead us to quite different structures. I worked for a contractor one summer framing houses. A couple of us misread the blueprint and put the main entry from the garage into the master bathroom. Functional - yes; acceptable - no. The contractor had to tear out the entire wall and rebuild it himself to blueprint specs.

    It was interesting to go back and review my own religious and Christian sojourn. The foundation and the structure. Being culturally international, it does not look very "American". What deviations are acceptable before we get "fed-up"? Historically, I look at some admirable, "theologically liberal" churchmen. Their foundations were quite different - probably heretical. I have also encountered the extreme right-wing heretics. One doesn't enjoy being around either.
    These issues and schisms go back to the time of Christ and his selected disciples.

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    1. Whatever anyone says about religious/theological matters is based on that person's understanding, interpretation, and faith committment. There is no proof of anything, no unquestionable foundation. Anyone can be wrong about anything. So whatever one says about faith or theological matters is subject to scrutiny. Theology is faith seeking understanding, and there are wide variances in the understanding of the seekers.

      What I have written in my first two books--on fundamentalism and on liberalism--includes a lot of factual material: names of books and authors and the content of those books. But they also include my personal appraisal, and it could not be otherwise. I claim that what I have written is a correct appraisal, and why would I think that my understanding and what I have carefully written is wrong? I realize, though, that others have different appraisals and understandings, positions that I disagree with. But I also realize that there are those who disagree with me. And that's all right. Let's talk about those disagreements and together seek a better understanding of the Truth.

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    2. I have noticed the WIDE variance in the Roman Catholic church. The ends of their spectrum do not accept the other extreme, but both accept the Bishop of Rome and the Eucharist - but not necessarily the Catechism. Somehow, they generally stay together, with rare, but very significant excommunications. I would still favor another Council of the holy, catholic, and apostolic Church to clarify some nagging issues of the faith.

      Talking does seem to be a good start - I know the Roman church does that with various outsiders (as do many others seeking to start with goodwill). A set-aside strategy is frequently used in order to build some initial agreement, before tackling the variances. Indeed, some of those outside their communion seem to have more in common in practice than those within who do not accept key parts of the Catechism.

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  3. Yesterday afternoon I was happy to receive the following thought-provoking comments from one of my most respected local Thinking Friends (and personal friend) Anton Jacobs.

    "I read your new introduction to 'The Limits of Liberalism. Of course, I’m a theological liberal, so i’m not entirely on board with your argument. I’m a theological liberal because I think it’s the only game in town that can begin to deal with our understanding of metaphysics and the cosmos in the last couple of hundred years.

    "I have not read both of your books, only the one on liberalism (although it’s been so long ago, I don’t remember the details); your introduction reminded me of some. I would think that you need a lot more grounding for your argument for a middle way or theological balance. Now, maybe you have it in your books.

    "But I’m asking myself things like this: Why would I choose your particular way of theological balance because fundamentalism and liberalism have shortcomings? What makes your middle way better than embracing a more robust and self-critical liberalism? Fundamentalism is clearly so at odds with modern and postmodern insights into metaphysical and scientific thought that I argue in my own book that it’s no longer an option for honest, thinking people. It seems to me that the rub with Wright’s work is precisely that, like the neo-reformed thinkers before him, he using elaborate mental gymnastics to reaffirm an essentially premodern world view."

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    1. Thanks, Anton, for your comments. I much appreciate your questioning/challenging what I have written about liberalism. 

      You state that fundamentalism is "no longer an option for honest, thinking people." And since I have made it quite clear, I think, that I am "fed up with fundamentalism," I would agree that as a whole fundamentalism is certainly deficient as an acceptable theological stance for "honest, thinking people" among whom I certainly would like to be included.

      But does that mean fundamentalists or conservative evangelicals are wrong about everything they say and believe about the Christian faith? I think not. 

      Further, there is, of course, much that I affirm in Christian liberalism. But does that mean that liberalism in general and all liberal Christians and Christian thinkers/theologians are right in everything they say and believe? I think not. 

      Since there are some things on "both sides" that I  agree with and some things on "both sides" that I disagree with--what I have called "excesses" on both sides--I have talked for decades about balance and why since publishing "The Limits of Liberalism" in 2010 have called for seeking the "radiant center." I see that center as quite broad and I am, admittedly, on the left side of the exact center. But that doesn't mean that I cannot, and do not, agree with some of the ideas/beliefs of many who would be on the far right side of that radiant center. 

      I have long been interested in finding ways to overcome polarization, where people on either side of the theological (or political) spectrum only attack and criticize those on the other side. Seeking balance is my attempt to affirm what I can about general positions with which I disgree--and affirming that with which I do agree regardless of the "label" of the person holding that position. 

      There is more, of course, I could write about this, but perhaps this is enough for now. Thank you, again, for making it possible for me to add these clarifying statements to what I wrote in the Preface.

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  4. I dug out my old copy of "The Limits of Liberalism" and after scanning the table of contents, I can see I need to read it again! Another book I read a long time ago was Karl Barth's "Romans." It took me three tries to finally get through that one. The last time I guess I was finally ready to read it, because that time it was an elegant ride through Paul's letter for about 500 pages. Then he missed the dismount. What he meant to be neo-orthodoxy ended up being more of a pseudo-orthodoxy, which lead to disastrous results in the Southern Baptist Convention.

    As I recall, Barth laid out a metaphor of liberalism being like a mechanic who dismantles a car and explains all the parts to you, but then leaves you without a running car. So he put the pieces back together, but then suggested the mechanic not tell the world what he had learned, just leave them to drive the car. We need somehow to be able to function at both levels. Indeed, this past summer on a long trip I had to replace my tires because I missed the hints the car was giving me that the alignment was failing. I was just driving the car. That was not enough. Neither, however, is simply disassembling Christian theology, and leaving in pieces on the ground.

    Two books especially reached out to me, even though both authors were more conservative than I am, because they both stuck fiercely to their project, and carefully read the relevant scriptures involved. I recently mentioned one, "Reforesting Faith" by Matthew Sleeth (2019). The other was by Leon R. Kass, "The Beginning of Wisdom: Reading Genesis" (2003). Kass wrote his book as a summary of what he and his college students found in carefully reading the text of Genesis. I tried to talk my Sunday School class into reading Kass, but when the found out it was over 600 pages they lost interest. When we focus on the lessons to be learned from reading, rather than becoming too hung up on which is metaphor and which is metaphysics.

    Now this may seem like I am equivocating on what I said about neo-orthodoxy, however I do not think so. As long as we can follow the narrative without specifying either metaphysics or metaphors, we can all share and learn a lot. However, just as with my failing tires, there are times we need to be ready to reach deeply into the theological foundations of our faith. Pseudo-orthodoxy was the result of an historic failure to confront certain critical implications of what we knew. We have to reach deeply into both our scriptures and our science to handle topics such as anthropogenic global warming, civil rights, and other religious traditions. When we read carefully, we can see that the Bible was in conversation with cultures and understandings around it, and we need to do the same today.

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  5. Craig, I appreciate you looking at your old copy of "Limits of Liberalism," and while it may be helpful for you to read it again, it is certainly not as hard to understand--or as profound!--as Barth's "Romans."

    While I fully agree with the last sentence of your last paragraph, I am a bit confused about what you mean by the last sentence of the first paragraph. As you know, "pseudo" means "not genuine; spurious or sham." The conservative and later the fundamentalist critics of Barth though his was a fake orthodoxy, and through the years many Southern Baptists critiziced/rejected neo-orthodoxy. But to a large extent, Barth sought to do--in a much more thorough fashion!--what I have sought to do, that is, find a viable position--the radiant center!--between the excesses of both conservatism (fundamentalism) and liberalism. Although Barth himself did not use that label, his position, which was shared by other theologians at that time, was called neo-orthodoxy. As I mention on page 28 of "Limits . . ." some have suggested "new Reformation theology" as a better term.

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